Rayのドイツ音楽留学レポート

Rayのドイツ音楽留学レポート【第22回】ドイツで英語

by 事務局 / 15,530件のコメント

2021年6月28日

こんにちは、Rayです。私はドイツで音楽の勉強をしている大学院生で、オーボエという楽器を専攻しています。

少し前にロックダウンが解除されて、レストランでの飲食ができるようになりました。また先月までは肌寒い日もあったのに、6月の１ヶ月の間ですっかり夏になりました。最近は30度を越える日もあるので、気候の突然の変化についていけない身体が悲鳴をあげています。

さて、今回はドイツで英語は通じるのか、ということについて主観的に書いていきます。

大都市・観光地では

結論から申し上げると、ドイツで英語はそこそこ通じる、というのが私の個人的な印象です。ヨーロッパ連合EU域内はパスポート出入国審査なしで国をまたいで移動できること、中東地域などからの難民受け入れもしていることなどが影響しているのか、ドイツには国際的な地域がたくさんあります。

特に大都市や国際的に有名な観光地への旅行では、英語ができれば困ることはないのではないかと思います。ウェブサイトはドイツ語と英語の切り替えができ、レストランは英語のメニュー表または英語での説明書きがあるところがほとんどです。住民も英語での会話に慣れた人が多く、むしろ大都市では私を見て英語で話しかけてくれる人のほうが多いと感じています。

地方では

ただし、地方の街に行くとなると少し事情が変わります。人によって差はありますが、ドイツの地方の街で人の移動が少ない地域では、英語が通じないこともあります。その場合は店で注文するときに英語で話しかけてもドイツ語で返事が来ます。

また街の大きさに関わらず年配の方は学校教育で英語を習っていない場合があるため、英語に少し苦手意識を持っている方もいるようです。

私が大学院受験のために短期間ドイツに来た時には、郊外にあるゲストハウスという家族経営の小ぢんまりとした宿泊施設に泊まりました。その時受付してくれた若い男性は英語で応対してくれましたが、朝食会場にいたオーナーさん夫婦はほとんど英語が話せないようでした。またその近所のレストランでも店員さんは強い方言のドイツ語で話していて、他のお客さんも含めそこにいたのはほぼドイツ人でした。おそらく観光地から離れていて、海外から観光客が来ることの少ない地域なのだろうと思いました。

当時私は超ゆっくりのドイツ語なら話すことができたので、何とかやり取りをすることができました。その時に素敵だなと感じたのが、私の途切れ途切れ、片言のドイツ語を辛抱強く聞いてくれたことです。もし私が、片言の日本語を話している人に出会ったら応援したくなることは想像できます。ですが、伝えたいことと自分のドイツ語力との差を感じて軽くパニックになっているときに、「ドイツ語は難しい言葉だと知っている。一生懸命話してくれて嬉しい。」といって温かく私の言葉を待っていてくれる環境はありがたいなと気づきました。

世代による違い

世代によって英語を話す人の割合は違うと個人的に感じています。あるドイツ人の話によると、旧東ドイツ地域では東西ドイツが統一するまで、義務教育の期間に学校でロシア語の授業があったいうことです。その人にとって英語は成人後に自分で学んだ言語だそうで、英語でのコミュニケーションに問題はないものの、今でも少し苦手意識を持っているようです。

英語の話からドイツの戦後史に話がつながったことに私はとても驚きました。そして私の中では「第一外国語＝英語」という固定概念があったので、それが変わるきっかけの一つとなりました。

若い世代のドイツ人は、流暢さには差があるものの英語を使える人が多いように感じます。例えば街で道を聞くとき若い人なら問題なく英語で教えてくれそうです。ドイツ人にとっても英語は外国語なため、英語を話すときは比較的ゆっくりとした口調となり、英語ネイティブの人との会話と比べると割と聞き取りやすいと私は思います。

日常生活において

ドイツの公共交通機関や施設など大勢が使う場所では、大抵英語でのアナウンスもなされます。しかし例えば駅員さんの中にはドイツ語しか話さない方もいて、ドイツ語で状況説明ができなくて英語でフォローしようとしたら嫌そうな顔をされたことはあります。（結局拙いドイツ語ながらなんとか納得してもらうことができ、無事に問題解決しました。）

またドイツに外国人が一定期間住むために欠かせない健康保険やビザなどの手続きや、役所からの手紙などは英語が書いてあることは少ないです。

ドイツに住むとなったら、自分を守るという意味でも公用語であるドイツ語を少しでも分かるようにしておいたほうがいいのかなと思います。またはジェスチャーや翻訳ツールを使って何とか乗り切る勇気があるとよいと思います。

大学生活では

私のいる音楽大学では基本的にドイツ語ですべてが行われます。正規課程の入学条件にはドイツ語の語学試験があります。しかし事務局の国際課では、必要であれば英語でサポートを受けることもできます。

留学生同士ではドイツ語で話す場合も英語になる場合もあります。またドイツ人学生との会話で出てきたわからない言葉の意味を尋ねると、その言葉に相当する英単語を教えてくれる場合もよくあります。（その英単語がわからなくて少し落ち込むこともありますが…。）

同じ街の総合大学の入学には高いドイツ語能力が求められる学部がほとんどですが、IT系学科には英語コースがあるようです。そのため私の住んでいる大学寮の隣人には、もっぱら英語を話してドイツ語はあいさつ程度、という学生もいます。

私の外国語

今私は基本的にはドイツ語で、状況に応じて英語、日本人の友人とは日本語、という日常を送っています。ですがドイツ語も英語も流ちょうに話せるわけではなく、言葉を切り替える難しさを日々感じています。ドイツ語と英語が『外国語』として私の脳内の同じ場所にあるため、互いに混じってしまうのです。

ですがその混じり具合がドイツに住むうちに少し変わってきました。

ドイツに来た初期は、大学までの英語学習のおかげで英語の影響力のほうが大きく、ドイツ語を話そうとすると英語による干渉がありました。単語によっては英語が先に出てくる、発音も英語っぽくなる、英語割合の多いドイツ語でした。それがドイツ語の勉強を続けるうちに、いつの間にか逆転していました。

今は英語を話そうとすると文章構成や単語でドイツ語の影響が出てきてしまいます。

英語とドイツ語はどちらもゲルマン系の言葉に分類されていて、少し似ています。同じような単語が使われる場合も多く、それもごちゃ混ぜになってしまう原因の一つです。

例を挙げると

「私は～を持っている」

  • 英語でI have~.
  • ドイツ語でIch habe~.

「ワイン」は

  • 英語でwine（ワイン）
  • ドイツ語でder Wein（ヴァイン）

ちなみにドイツ語でWien（ヴィーン）はオーストリアの首都ウィーンのことです。

このように似ているけれど違う、という言葉を間違えて使ってしまいます。

もう少しドイツ語の勉強を続けた後に英語を復習したら、脳内の2言語の領域が分離するだろうと思いますが、そこまでになるにはまだ時間がかかりそうです。

まとめ

ドイツのこども向けの本で、食材の名前が写真に添えられています。

今回は何の参考文献も使用せず私個人の経験に基づく感覚でドイツの中での英語について書きました。ですので、人によっては違った意見があるかもしれないことをここに追記いたします。

ドイツでドイツ人が英語を話すのを見て学んだことがあります。それは、複雑な文法や難しい単語を使わなくても、自分の気持ちは伝えられるということ、必要ならジェスチャーなど身体表現も使ってコミュニケーションをとることはできるということです。多少細かいことがわからなくても恥ずかしがらずに英語を使う姿は見習いたいと思います。

私は今英語の勉強はしておらず友人と話すときに使うくらいですが、もう少ししたら再開して、ドイツ語と英語の使いわけができるようになりたいと心から思います。

最後までお読みいただきありがとうございました。次回は7月10日(土)に更新します。テーマは「ドイツのコロナ事情」の予定です。

Ray

,

15,530件のコメント

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  5004. You may have noticed “continuing education” listed in the costs associated with in-house hiring and are wondering what that’s all about. Keep in mind, the marketing landscape is ever-changing, and it’s essential to keep up with the evolution. That will require you to devote time and resources to learn about whatever is new. However, marketing agencies — the good ones, at least — research and test the new technologies, tactics and channels so you don’t have to. This is an interesting comparison between in-house marketing staff and hiring an agency. I agree that both options have their pros and cons, and it ultimately comes down to what is best for the individual business. I appreciate the points you made about the advantages of having an in-house team, such as greater control over the marketing strategy. Thanks for sharing your insights!
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    HubSpot specializes in website content management, social media publishing and monitoring, search engine optimization, blogging, email marketing, marketing automation, and reporting and analytics. Across these areas, the company has developed solutions to enable companies to revolutionize how they market and sell while redefining autonomy, transparency, and culture in the modern workspace. Filed Under: Looking for a Agency Tagged With: Best Web Design Agencies, Web Design, Web Design Agency, Web Designer, Website Design These stats will also tell us more about the state of the web design industry this year, including the number of professional web designers out there, the average costs involved in building a website, and more. HTML serves as the foundation of web design. It provides the structure and content of a web page. On the other hand, CSS describes the presentation of a document written in HTML. It helps in the overall styling of the website and in adding visual elements including typography, layout, and color. In the second webpage you see in the introduction above, all the visual elements are created with CSS.

  5412. A friend has a computer that turns itself off after a certain period of time of inactivity. And all you have to do is move the mouse a little, and the computer comes back on. Maybe the computer is not completely off, maybe this is called hibernate or standby or something. Is this a good thing to do or should I just let my computer run? How do you get the computer to do this auto shut off thing as I described at the start of this paragraph?.